Olive and Multiculturalism

Year 2 | Issue 8 | August 2026 | Anglo-Saxon®

By Rodrigo Rojos Gardilcic – Chile

Probably the olive tree is one of the few elements present in cultures so diverse and distant, from its origin in the Anatolian Peninsula (the current Asian region of Turkey) to countries as distant and different as Chile. It was probably the Phoenicians who began this journey through maritime trade with neighboring countries such as Greece and Egypt, before continuing to spread throughout the Mediterranean basin, in the south through countries such as Libya, Algeria and Morocco, and in the northern Mediterranean through countries such as Italy and Spain, where its imprint is stronger, given that we find its presence in food, culture and the names of the varieties most widely distributed worldwide.

Since its arrival in America through the Spaniards, its expansion has been based on the fact that it leaves a mark characterized by its fertility in diverse climates, as well as by the importance of activities as diverse and everyday as lighting, ecclesiastical ceremonies and food, all of this made possible by by-products such as olive oil and olives.

Currently, the International Olive Council, in its publication “Following Olive Footprints (Olea europaea L.) Cultivation and Culture, Folklore and History, Traditions and Uses,” has records of olive groves in almost all of South America, including Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina and Chile. It is precisely in the latter country, in the Azapa Valley, where we find the oldest trees in South America, dating back approximately 475 years, such as the “Señor de Ocurica,” as a great example of multiculturalism surrounding this tree.

Azapa, a name of Aymara origin (jasapa) meaning “soft land or fertile land,” has represented fertility for all the cultures that have passed through the valley. We can find among them the way Afro-descendants work the land, an Inca heritage in the form of irrigation through canals, and new methodologies brought by families of Lebanese, Greek, Italian and, above all, Croatian origin.

This synergy between the olive tree, the valley with its climate and multiculturalism has resulted in an olive tree that is now recognized as a local ecotype, “the Azapa olive,” which possesses great virtues such as high resistance to drought, soil salinity and radiation, adverse characteristics of the climate and soil that only demonstrate its consolidated nobility in its fruit, which bears a “Geographical Indication Seal for fame and reputation,” recognition granted by the National Institute of Industrial Property in July 2016 under the second government of former President Michelle Bachelet.

Currently, olive cultivation has not been unaffected by climate change. Farming in the heart of the driest desert in the world is a constant challenge; it is an invitation to be responsible and respectful of water, the land, the olive tree and its olive growers. It is in this scenario that the Alto Albarracines project stands out in a special way, a different proposal in the valley that is making its way toward sustainability in the management of the property, with current techniques seeking efficiency in irrigation and pruning, with innovation in agribusiness based on academia, the University of Chile, the Metropolitan Technological University in Santiago, and CFT Santo Tomás, Inacap and Duoc in Arica, with projects that address all aspects of efficiency in water use, improvements in cultivation techniques and the development of new products, as well as the preservation, registration and dissemination of heritage. It is the first olive grove to participate, in its 27 years of existence, in the “Heritage Day,” where the photographic exhibition “Raymi” by Arica photographer Renatto Rivera was presented; the journey of the olive tree was narrated while walking through the property among specimens that reach 300 years of age; the fermentation process was demonstrated; and there was an opportunity to taste its olives and olive oil, both of which received international awards this year in Turkey, the cradle of the olive tree.

– English Magazine

 


 

Olivo y Multiculturalidad  

Probablemente el olivo sea de los pocos elementos presente en culturas tan diversas como distantes, desde su origen en la península de Anatolia (actual región asiática de Turquía) hasta países tan distantes y diferentes como Chile, probablemente son los fenicios quienes inician este viaje mediante su comercialización marítima con países vecinos como Grecia y Egipto, para seguir propagándose por la cuenca del mediterráneo, en el sur por países como Libia, Argelia y Marruecos y en el norte del mediterráneo en países como Italia y España, donde su huella es más fuerte, dado que encontramos su presencia en la comida, en la cultura y en los nombres de las variedades más difundidas a nivel mundial.


Desde su llegada a América por parte de los españoles, su avance radica en que deja una huella marcada por su fertilidad en diversos climas como también en la importancia de actividades tan diversas y cotidianas como son la iluminación, ceremonias eclesiásticas y comidas, todo esto posible a subproductos como son el aceite de oliva y las aceitunas.

Actualmente el Consejo Oleico Internacional, en su publicación “Following Olive Footprints (Olea europaea L.) Cultivation and Culture, Folklore and History, Traditions and Uses” tiene registro de olivares en casi toda Sudamérica como son Colombia, Perú, Uruguay, Brasil, Argentina y Chile, y es en este último país, precisamente en el valle de Azapa, donde encontramos los árboles con mayor antigüedad en Sudamérica con una data cercana a los 475 años como es el “Señor de Ocurica” como una gran multiculturalidad en torno a este árbol.

Azapa, nombre de origen aymara (jasapa) que significa “tierra blanda o tierra fértil”, ha representado fertilidad para todas las culturas que han transitado por el valle, podemos encontrar en la forma de trabajar la tierra a los afrodescendientes, en la forma de riego a través de canales una herencia inca, en nuevas metodologías a familias de origen libanesas, griegas, italianas y sobre todo croatas.

Esta sinergia entre el olivo, el valle con su clima y la multiculturalidad han decantado en un olivo que hoy es reconocido como un ecotipo local “el olivo de Azapa”, que posee grandes virtudes como una alta resistencia a la sequía, a la salinidad de la tierra y la radiación, características que adversas del clima y la tierra que solo evidencian su nobleza consolidada en su fruto que posee “Sello de Indicación geográfica por fama y reputación”, reconocimiento que entregó el Instituto Nacional de Propiedad Intelectual en julio del 2016 de las manos del segundo gobierno de la ex presidenta Michelle Bachelet.

En la actualidad, la olivicultura no ha sido ajena al cambio climático, hacer agricultura en el corazón del desierto más árido del mundo es un desafío constante, es una invitación a ser responsable y respetuoso con el agua, la tierra, el olivo y sus olivicultores, y es en este escenario donde destaca de manera especial el proyecto de Alto Albarracines, una propuesta diferente en el valle, que se abre camino en la sustentabilidad en el manejo del predio, con técnicas actuales en busca de la eficiencia en el riego y la poda, con innovación en la agroindustria basada en la academia, la Universidad de Chile, la Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, en Santiago y CFT Santo Tomás, Inacap y Duoc en la Arica, con proyectos que abordan todas la eficiencia de en el uso del agua, mejoras en las técnicas de cultivo y el desarrollo de nuevos productos, como también en la preservación, el registro y la divulgación del patrimonio, siendo el primer olivar que participa en los 27 años de vida en el “día de los patrimonios”, donde se dio a conocer la muestra fotográfica “Raymi” del fotógrafo ariqueño Renatto Rivera, se narró el viaje del olivo mientras se recorría la parcela entre ejemplares que alcanzan los 300 años, se mostró el proceso de fermentación y se tuvo la oportunidad de degustar su aceituna y su aceite de oliva, ambos con premios internacional obtenidos este año en Turquía, cuna del olivo.

– English Magazine

Rodrigo Andrés Rojos Gardilcic | Architect | Master’s Degree in Heritage and Tourism – Universidad Autónoma de Chile — Architect with experience in the comprehensive management and development of architectural, urban, and heritage projects, combining strategic vision, design, sustainability, and territorial management. He has participated in residential, corporate, commercial, and social integration projects, leading planning processes, multidisciplinary coordination, construction supervision, and liaison with public authorities. His career incorporates an international and multidisciplinary perspective, with participation in initiatives related to sustainable urban mobility and passive design in Germany and Chile. His specialization in Heritage and Tourism complements his architectural experience with a vision focused on heritage enhancement, sustainability, and the development of projects with territorial impact. His profile integrates architecture, innovation, sustainability, project management, and heritage, providing a strategic perspective for the development of initiatives capable of addressing the contemporary challenges faced by cities and communities.

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rodrigo-andr%C3%A9s-rojos-gardilcic-a5596965/

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